The animals aren't as effected because the lava flow is slow enough everyone should be able to get away in time. Population numbers in Mrdalshreppur, Skaftrhreppur and Rangring eystrathe municipalities impacted by the Eyjafjallajkull eruptionhave been fairly consistent, with a total number of 2772, 2710 and 2769 recorded in 2000, 2008 and 2016, respectively. But still I say the evacuation was necessary because I think what makes everything so easy and organised and good is people obey the authorities. Long term effects Areas of farmland covered in ash or washed away In addition to these systems, recent unrest in rfajkull has called for the development of further emergency response plans in South Iceland (Almannavarnadeild Rkislgreglustjrinn, 2017, Hskuldsson, 2015). Exactly ten years ago, on the 15th of April 2010, the volcanic eruption of Eyjafjallajkull in Iceland had caused European airspace to come to a standstill. Iceland volcano: Naval ships sent to rescue stranded Britons Aircraft carrier and assault ships deployed to boost cross-Channel options for travellers hit by ash cloud flight ban The naval ships. In 2021, Iceland experienced a magnificent eruption on the Reykjanes peninsula, the land that connects Reykjavik with Keflavik International Airport.In the weeks before its explosion, tens and thousands of earthquakes shook the capital and surrounding areas - normally a surefire forecast of imminent volcanic activities. Vulnerability to natural hazard risk is complex. Respondents reflected that they simply dealt with the situation at-hand knowing that it wouldnt last forever. Health effects inlcude respiratory problems, eye problems, and skin irritiation. Sitting on the ring of fire, Iceland is known to be prone to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. New residents may also benefit from storytelling, involving detailed accounts from people who experienced the event. Officials had, however, explained the need for a broad evacuation order even for areas that are safe from jkulhlaup hazards. To obtain Springer, New York, MATH Sage, Thousand Oaks, Lindell MK, Perry RW (2012) The protective action decision model: theoretical modifications and additional evidence. It is therefore not surprising that half the respondents reported hearing about the eruption via a family member, friend or neighbour. Based on questionnaire survey results, interviews with key stakeholders and data derived from Statistics Iceland, this paper considers how residents might respond to a future eruption by examining their experience of the 2010 Eyjafjallajkull eruptions against the changing demographic, economic and political landscape. Austur-Eyjafjll respondents also recorded the greatest impacts with respect to their home, while Slheimar respondents recorded the greatest impacts to them and/or their familys health and financially. During these events they were impacted by jkulhlaup, ash fall, lightning, loud sound blasts and lahars. Since then, the industry has flourished resulting in a rapid increase in employment numbers particularly since 2012corroborating the statements from officials in 2016. Flashcards. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles I found the place that people from Eyjafjll were supposed to evacuate to not safe [Heimaland]. Spectacular drone footage of long dormant Iceland volcano erupting | ITV News Subscribe to ITV News on YouTube: http://bit.ly/2lOHmNj Get breaking news an. Based on those advisories, over 300 airports in about two dozen countries, and a correspondingly large airspace, were closed in Europe during 15-21 April 2010. 1). In: Felton A, Reinhart CM (eds) The First Global Financial Crisis of the 21st Century: Part ll June-December 2008. Subsequently, a risk map was created that assessed and identified areas around the volcano that was specifically vulnerable if another eruption was going to occur, so people won't choose to build in these . Conducted as a more open interview than the rigorous 2010 interviews, the 2016 interviews lasted between 17 and 57min. It does not mean, however, that all relationships are amicable. While 2010 respondents believed it is more likely a Katla eruption will occur in the next 10 years, they perceived less damage would occur particularly in relation to their property (Fig. We are not worried about the people living here because they know what do to, but the tourists, theres a lot of them and were afraid (O). Some 60 volunteers and staff of the Icelandic Red Cross have been working around the clock since the second eruption of the Eyjafjallajkull volcano on 14 April. Most of the survivors evacuated to the neighboring towns and villages, but the community of . While interviewees stated that available resources were insufficient in dealing with the increased number of tourists visiting the area they also raised concerns relating to the amalgamation of districts on 1 January 2015. In addition, the sweeper system was deployed. The PADM shows that decision-making is initiated by environmental cues (e.g., the sight or sound of an eruption), social cues (e.g., neighbours evacuating) and/or warnings (e.g., official advice to evacuate). There is a glacier above the volcano. In a simple comparison of populations (urban and rural residents of South Iceland), Bird et al., (2011) identified different perceptions and beliefs, and therefore different needs with respect to risk mitigation. They can also die from famine, fires and earthquakes which can be related to volcanoes. As discussed elsewhere (e.g., Mileti and Sorensen, 1990), friends, family and neighbours were invaluable in communicating official warnings. As Bird et al., (2010) found, foreigners are often not aware of the fact that volcanoes lie underneath some of Icelands glaciers and as such, are not aware of jkulhlaup risk nor are they aware of the risk of lightning and poisonous gases. Setting In spring 2010, the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajkull erupted. In the wake of the 2010 eruption of Iceland's Eyjafjallajkull volcano, scientists are developing infrared technology to help pilots see and steer around ash clouds 4:05 Published: 7 Dec 2011 Immediate responses Long term responses Aid agencies gave bedding, equipment to provide clean water for drinking and sanitation, blankets, tents, food, and cooking utensils to refugees. It has been relatively quiet since 2010 2010).An interaction between ash and magma led to large volumes of finely comminuted . 7. We never went, we behaved as we always planned to do, we just stayed at home and everything was ok (V-E). In this instance, emergency managers need to be aware of normalisation bias, where individuals believe they are able to cope with a future (larger) event, based on a past experience of coping with a previous (smaller) event (Paton et al., 2001). The computer showed it was all very quiet (O). At the same time, however, respondents still viewed a similar level of risk to the community as a whole in terms of adverse impacts. comm. Not only is this evident in the study region between neighbours, but also between residents, scientists, officials and local police. J Risk Res 20:931951, Sennert SSK, Klemetti EW, Bird DK (2015) Role of social media and networking in volcanic crises and communication. They are so enthusiastic. While we are not able to show statistically significant differences between the datasets due to the small size and slightly different nature of the 2008 dataset (e.g., it does not include respondents from Vestur-Eyjafjll and Austur-Eyjafjll), we can present some interesting observations. long term responses. This included 19 households from Vestur-Eyjafjll, 26 from Austur-Eyjafjll, seven from Slheimar and six from lftaver (see Fig. The questionnaire was administered as a hardcopy. Furthermore, South Icelands Hekla, Katla, Grmsvtn and Brarbunga volcanoes (Fig. This was evident during the 2010 flank eruption with scores of ill prepared tour groups and individual sightseers accessing the eruption site in extreme conditions (Bird et al., 2018). The eruption, which began on 26 October, has already left 141 people dead and 453 injured near the volcano, which is located some 30km north of the city of Yogyakarta. The years of 2000, 2008 and 2016 were selected as equal time periods of available data from the most recent year (i.e., 2016, as accessed in 2017). Global cooling caused by the ash. in response to this demand, the european union'stransport ministers adopted a short-term solution.they declared that a volcanic ash concentration of up to 2 mg/m3 was deemed 'safe' for flight operations, provided that certain risk mitigation . Youre told to evacuate and you do that. The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are not publicly available due to human research ethics agreements but may be made available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Experience prior to and during the flank eruption that began on 20th March in Fimmvruhls; Experience prior to and during the summit eruption that began on 14th April under Eyjafjallajkull; Impacts of the eruptions on you, your family and property; Use of various media sources for acquiring information about the possibility of a future Katla/Eyjafjallajkull eruption; Perceived level of preparedness for a future Katla eruption; Perceived possibility of a future Katla eruption and its effects; Trust in information from various sources about a future Katla eruption. We could not expect our children to stay in the darkness and the hell (A-E). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-018-0205-6, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-018-0205-6. Accessed 15 Oct 2018, Danielsson J (2009) The first casualty of the crisis: Iceland. Bull Volcanol 73:12091227, Bird DK, Jhannesdttir G, Reynisson V, Karlsdttir S, Gudmundsson MT, Gsladttir G (2018) Crisis Coordination and Communication During the 2010 Eyjafjallajkull Eruption. The 2016 interviews and the preparation of this paper were supported by the Nordic Centre of Excellence for Resilience and Societal SecurityNORDRESS, which is funded by the Nordic Societal Security Programme. Sci. 1 / 9. Another noteworthy change in the population structure of the South region is the increase in migration. Accessed 14 Apr 2018, Stjrnarr slands (2014b) Regluger. Before the financial crash in 2008, Iceland had become too expensive for many visitorsevidenced by a somewhat steady decline in employment numbers within the tourism industry outside the capital region from 2000 (Fig. Researching disaster risk is therefore an ongoing challenge requiring a continual process of generating understanding of the changing environmental and societal characteristics that influence disaster vulnerability. Each quote is coded as one of the following: V-E for Vestur-Eyjafjll resident, A-E for Austur-Eyjafjll resident, S for Slheimar resident, for lftaver resident, RT for rescue team member and O for official. The former two incorporate the qualitative results mixed with verbatim quotes from the 2010 and 2016 interviews and open responses given in the 2010 questionnaire. 23.11.2017Version 1.0. http://www.almannavarnir.is/utgefid-efni/?wpdmc=articles-in-english. 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