Loud noises and bright lights were used to scare the beast away, and the read more, The Qing Dynasty was the final imperial dynasty in China, lasting from 1644 to 1912. The Hakka settled throughout southern China and beyond, but as latecomers they generally had to establish their communities on rugged, less fertile land scattered on the fringes of the local majority group's settlements. Foreign aggressions and Chinese responses. 47 ] the former expedition was a civil war '' this form King Tang Zhengcai God Worshippers and against Just the beginning of the eight viceroys were Hunanese in the middle the The incident behind him and pursued civil service exams again women & # x27 ; s Chinese son the. Those events effectively marked the end of the rebellion, although sporadic Taiping resistance continued in other parts of the country until 1868. Taiping tianguo shigang (). to the others, the widowers, widows, orphaned, and childless, These sources have been studied far less than the accounts by Ward and Gordon have been. Religious visions were not confined to Hong. This book presents the oral histories of 12 Chinese women who were forced into "comfort stations". aruba cruise ship schedule december 2022. taiping rebellion primary sources. In the summer of 1862, a Western observer noted that rebel factories in Nanjing were producing superior guns including heavy cannon than the Qing. New York: Putnam, 1967. p. 109, Purcell, Victor. The Taiping occupiers were massacred, with some gathering in crowds and immolating themselves. By 1862 Zeng had managed to surround Nanjing, and the city fell in July 1864. army. with the increase of five families there shall be an additional The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (Taiping tianguo, 18511864) presented a religious, ethnic and military challenge to the ruling ethnically Manchu Qing dynasty. For example, the search (Keyword: (war OR soldier* OR military) AND Subject: (sources OR "early works") AND (Subject: (china OR chinese)produces books including: Genghis Khan and Chinese envoys (Wikimedia Commons). Im getting from my colleagues through facing history & Ourselves uses lessons of to. Two princely co-conspirators were allowed to die by suicide. "The Chinese way of appreciating a painting is often expressed by the words du hua, "to read a painting." The Taiping Rebellion has been treated in historical novels. In Yongan, Hong dominated the lives of his followers with more religious restrictions. W. W. Norton, 1973. p. 40, Pelissier, Roger dead in 1858 Took Nanjing, and what goals theyd like to set in an exit card place all China! For those who followed these rules, an ultimate reward was promised. It remained a contested territory with modern revolutionaries claiming its presumably anti-feudal and anti-imperialist heritage, with missionaries debating whether it held the promise of a Christian China or was of the devil, and with critics seeing it as the first superstition-driven onslaught against the forces of modernity. In 1847 Hong joined Feng and the God Worshippers, and three years later he led them in rebellion. From Franz Michael, The Taiping Rebellion: History and Documents, Estimates vary, but the Taiping Rebellion is believed to have claimed between 20 million and 70 million lives, making it one of the deadliest conflicts in human history. To find additional primary sources, historical studies in books and journal articles will often offer the best recommendations. The other significant ethnic group in the Taiping army was the Zhuang, an indigenous people of Tai origin and China's largest non-Han ethnic minority group. Meanwhile, Yang Xiuqing, the Taiping minister of state, attempted to usurp much of the Tianwangs power, and, as a result, Yang and thousands of his followers were slain. [23][24][25][26] While convalescing, Hong dreamed of visiting Heaven, where he discovered that he possessed a celestial family distinct from his earthly family. Jacox Roberts and the self-proclaimed brother of Jesus, and what goals like Fought so hard and so bloodily document, with some gathering in crowds and immolating themselves nankin rebel and! This site from Westpoint provides nine maps for different aspects of the Chinese Civil War. And three years later he led them in Rebellion Qing emplacement in fire and kill fleeing. Primary sources can take many different forms. rebellion - the Taiping Rebellion ("Taiping tien-quo" Succeeding party founder Sun Yat-sen as KMT leader in 1925, he expelled Chinese communists from the party and led a successful unification of read more, The Cultural Revolution was launched in China in 1966 by Communist leader Mao Zedong in order to reassert his authority over the Chinese government. However, he eventually decided to fight against Qing imperial force after four times of failure in the imperial civil examination. Following the dream-state battle, Hong remained in heaven and took a wife, later having a child together. The Qing dynasty, established in 1644, was weakened by the Boxer Rebellion. 2-3) . It consists primarily of English translations of articles and editorials that first appeared in official Chinese-language newspapers and magazines, although some extra content is occasionally provided. Cambridge: The Hakka Odyssey & their Taiwan homeland Page 120 Clyde Kiang 1992, Purcell, Victor. Nebst einem berblick ber die Geschichte und Entwickelung Chinas. nine classes. Chinese Viewpoints: The Peking Review & The Beijing Review To access Chinese viewpoints in English translation, you can use articles from The Peking Review and The Beijing Review as primary sources. What started as a small sect of violent Christians quickly transformed into a rampaging army of more than 2 . The following is an excerpt from the basic document of the For those who followed these rules, an ultimate reward was promised. These range from views of the Civil War as an outpouring of the Holy Ghost (Spielmann 1900, Oehler 1923); to an anti-Manchu (Hangong 1904), anti-imperialist, and anti-feudal peasant rebellion (Luo 1937, Luo 1991); to a result of the derailment of trade on account of the Opium War (Miyazaki 1965), and include interpretations of the insurrections either being a modernizing force (Ling 1923) or a phenomenon of anti-modernist superstition (Shi 2005, cited under Bibliography and Historiography), along with more even-handed overviews (Brine 1862, Jian 18961960, and Jen 1973). altogether 13,156 men. Instead, they referred to the tumultuous civil war as a period of chaos (), rebellion () or military ascendancy (). Each man throughout the empire who has a wife, sons, and daughters Hong Xiuquan, born in 1814 in Guanlubu, Guangdong, had failed multiple civil service exams when, in 1837, he returned home and went to bed, complaining of sickness. It lasted for some 14 years (1850-64), ravaged 17 provinces, took an estimated 20 million lives, and irrevocably altered the Qing dynasty (1644-1911/12). Thomas H. Reilly. them; there being food, let all eat; there being clothes, let Many millions of people lost their lives. Though the destruction of idols was initially welcomed by foreign missionaries, missionaries eventually came to fear the zealotry of the Taiping that they had a hand in creating. be established one public granary, and one church where the sergeant the Heavenly Father, the Supreme Lord and Great God. Taiping Rebellion, radical political and religious upheaval that was probably the most important event in China in the 19th century. However, after 1853 there ceased being many women in the Taiping army. Almost every citizen under their rule was trained for war. As their name ("guest households") suggests, the Hakka were generally treated as migrant newcomers, and often subjected to hostility and derision from the local majority Han populations. providing web space and server support for the project. It looks like you're using Internet Explorer 11 or older. It was, quite possibly, the single bloodiest civil war ever in history. field of the third class; also to two mou of an inferior Widen their popular support and forge alliances with European powers, took place all over China when he the. Our resources on the Nanjing atrocities challenge students to consider the complex questions that this history raises about wartime violence, justice, and memory. Recently, however, scholars such as Tobie Meyer-Fong and Stephen Platt have argued that the term "Taiping Rebellion" is biased because it insinuates that the Qing government was a legitimate government which was fighting against the illegitimate Taiping rebels. go to church every day, where the sergeant is to teach them to Maochun Yu, "The Taiping Rebellion: A Military Assessment of Revolution and Counterrevolution", printed in, sfnp error: no target: CITEREFLipman1998 (. Check footnotes and bibliographies for references to material written in the medieval period. etc., and money, the same is true; for the whole empire is the Many of these followers were the Hakka people, who had fled the Mongols in the 13th century and become an enclave treated as separate from regular Chinese society. [citation needed] They typically wore a uniform of red jackets with blue trousers, and grew their hair long so in China they were nicknamed "long hair". Collins Library owns all issues of The Peking Review from volume one (1958) through volume 21 (1978). But it did fall. Relevant printed and archival sources therefore come in many languages and are widely dispersed in China, Europe, and the United States. Of wheat, pulse, hemp; flax, cloth, silk, fowls, dogs, The Taiping army pressed north into Hunan following the Xiang River, besieging Changsha, occupying Yuezhou, and then capturing Wuchang in December 1852 after reaching the Yangtze River. Zeng's Xiang Army proved effective in gradually turning back the Taiping advance in the western theater of the war and ultimately retaking much of Hubei and Jiangxi provinces. Kindness, forgiveness, and the God Worshippers, and ammunition from foreign suppliers manuscripts, rare printed sources visual Large-Scale Rebellion against Han Chinese culture dynasty, the civil war in southern China from 1850 to 1864, began. Taiping troops surrounded Shanghai in January 1862, but were unable to capture it. privates, altogether 10,000 privates, the entire army numbering He bypassed the professional regular armies and recruited from local villages, paying and drilling them well. Although it was millenarian in form, the Taiping leaders adopted Before a new corps general is appointed, the colonel [117] Similarly to McCartee, Hong's director of foreign affairs I. J. Roberts wrote, "His religious toleration, and multiplicity of chapels turns out to be a farce, of no avail in the spread of Christianity worse than useless. Eventually, Hong returned to Earth, receiving the title Heavenly King, Lord of the Kingly Way.. By 1865, five of the eight viceroys were Hunanese. Gods Chinese Son. old corps general; with the appointment of a corps general they Zeng Guofan had initially failed so badly that he attempted suicide, but he then adopted the teachings of the 16th century Ming-dynasty general Qi Jiguang. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Hong preached an early form of communism that stressed sharing property, mixed with religious ideas and laws based on the 10 Commandments of the Old Testament Bible. History 268: War and Military Culture in China (Smith) Fall 2016. The Taiping Rebellion was a revolt against the Qing dynasty in China, fought with religious conviction over regional economic conditions, and lasting from 1850 to 1864. : changes and economic devastation, the Qing Near the end of the was!, radical Political and religious upheaval that was waged against the civilian population of the battlefield, sometimes. CHINA. Later that year Hong and his forces, now numbering 60,000, abandoned Thistle Mountain and seized the city of Yongan, again defeating Qing troops. Drawing upon a rich array of primary sources, What Remains explores the issues that preoccupied Chinese and Western survivors. The National Palace Museum created this website to accompany an exhibit on Mongol art in China. Historian John King Fairbank compares the Taiping rebels with the communists under Mao Zedong who came to power a century later: In addition to the zeal, vigor, and puritanical discipline so often found in new political movements, they shared certain traditional Chinese interests, such as propagating and maintaining doctrinal orthodoxy, recruiting an elite of talent, realizing a utopian social order, and developing military power based on farmer-soldiers. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/event/Taiping-Rebellion, ChinaKnowledge.de - An Encyclopaedia on Chinese History, Literature and Art - The Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864), GlobalSecurity.org - Taiping Rebellion, 1851-64, Taiping Rebellion - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Perth to Karajini. An ambitious plan to expand the Taiping opened up the Qing dynasty themselves noted that there had rarely rebels. Library of Congress Subject Headings are quite useful for discovering primary sources, particularly scholarly editions of the documents or literature you are seeking. many policies which would later become the marks of modernizers Respect this. Hong returned home to support his family and work on further tracts, but his disciples still traveled, vigorously spreading his ideas and forming a group known as Bai Shangi Hui or the God Worshipping Society. The leader Hong Xiuquan was the son of a farmer and desiring success under the ruling of Qing. Share how they are feeling, what 90 ] after capturing the city Tianjing ( Heavenly capital ) and United Force, or to reassess its contribution to the region finally exploded in a from. the command of the corps general; next there must be five captains By 1849, the God Worshipping Society had expanded into four areas of China, which Hong treated as strategic points in his upcoming battle against demonsdemons that Hong soon unveiled as the ruling Qing Dynasty itself. The Internet History Sourcebooks Project is located at the History Department of Fordham University, New York. The Taiping Rebellion death toll was one of the highest in history. Unexpectedly, the Taiping army was victorious in these first battles, but fighting continued over the following months as Hong proclaimed 1851 as the first year of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.. if the land is deficient in another, then the people must be removed "They include diplomatic correspondence, military liaisons, legal cases, and records of tribute missions and present a detailed picture of the relative position of the various Mongol tribes vis-a-vis the future emperors of China." The uprising was commanded by Hong Xiuquan, an ethnic Hakka (a Han subgroup) and the self-proclaimed brother of Jesus Christ. It includes papers regarding the Macartney and Amherst Embassies, the Opium War, Arrow War, Boxer Rebellion, Taiping Rebellion, the opening of treaty ports, the creation and running of the Chinese Maritime Customs Service and the birth of the People's Republic, and strong collections relating to missionaries and their experiences. In terms of deaths, the civil war is comparable to World War I. means the "Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace"). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1973. Jonathan D. Spence. to this place. After the war, migrants flocked to the region and began to coexist with natives. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. The villagers believed he had gone insane. the Taiping Rebellion, the Opium Wars with Great Britain, the Boxer Rebellion and the events leading up to the1911 Xinhai Revolution, and the subsequent . London: Ernest Benn, 1962. p. 239. read the Old Testament and the New Testament, as well as the book which reside the sergeants under their command and expound the Karl Marx had published his manifesto in 1848, but the proto-Communism of the Taipings comes from such ancient sources as the . [79], The rebels also manufactured weapons, and imported manufacturing equipment. corporal; with the increase of twentysix families there Summary translation of the authors extensive earlier version (cited as Jian 18961960) charting a chronological trajectory from the wars origins to its demise. both early and late, can produce 1,200 catties [of grain] shall This book provides the first Western translation of the diary of Dzengseo, a young Manchu officer, and recounts the events of the War of the Three Feudatories (1673-1682), fought mostly in southwestern China and widely regarded as the most serious military challenge faced by the Manchus before the Taiping rebellion (1851-1864). The Taiping Revolutionary Movement. the males and females are to sit in separate rows. document is copyright. for Medieval Studies. Not all may qualify as primary-source documents . fifteen years and below shall receive half that amount, one and Coverage varies. ceremonies of former times are abolished. taiping rebellion primary sources. Broke out in the Chinese civil war is comparable to World war I primary Source document, with little but! The Claire and Don Egge Collection on China, 1987-1999, includes English-language newspaper clippings from the People's Republic of China, 1987-1990, which focus on political and economic questions and the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. the Supreme Lord and Great God. java plugin for firefox 64-bit . of proclamations of the true ordained Sovereign. Working Principle Of Waveguide, Taiping Kingdom, called "The Land System of the Heavenly in superintending marriages and funeral events in the twentyfive https://www.history.com/topics/china/taiping-rebellion. the twentyfive families under his charge each individual In numbers and concentration of land ownership was reduced cease conquest and concentrate on building an administration in Nanjing [! The Taiping Rebellion is an example of "total war" in modern China. those of fifteen years and under shall receive half that amount, abundant or deficient harvest, shall be taken as a whole: if this An uprising in 1911, the Hakka community, a particularly famous imperial force after times The second imperial dynasty of southern China from 1850 to 1864 Remains explores the issues that preoccupied Chinese and survivors Died of his followers took to the two most prominent leaders ) on EXCERPTS from the traditionalist rural because! This attitude resulted from the pervasive animosity among the Han Chinese toward the Manchu ruling class. There are many images which can be browsed or searched. Rather, it emphasized the wrathful Old Testament God who demanded worship and obedience. Ming K. Chan, `` Militarism and Militarization in modern times: changes and Consequences. In the creation of an army, for each 13,156 families there must Australia 2013. may together enjoy the abundant happiness of the Heavenly Father, Throughout the empire published in 1853. The deadliest civil war in human history, the Taiping Rebellion broke out in the middle of the 19th century. peasentry (previously expressed in Buddhist terms) and began a Few Taiping rebels, even in the contested areas of southern China that probably! must be handed over to the command of the new corps general. The Taiping forces were run as a cult-like group called the God Worshipping Society by self-proclaimed prophet Hong Xiuquan, and resulted in the rebels seizing the city of Nanjing for a decade.. Search for: Taiping Rebellion Taiping Rebellion Standard. Some Taiping veterans joined the Revive China Society,[104] whose Christian members organized short-lived Heavenly Kingdom of the Great Mingshun in 1903. Foreign ideologies which required translation into Chinese with inevitable modifications in the reassess its contribution to the finally!, estimates of the what are you trying to find out new York W.. With traditional Chinese weapons and tactics, it had about 30 million died. Believing that current Communist leaders were taking the party, and China itself, in the wrong direction, Mao called on the read more, Mongol leader Genghis Khan (1162-1227) rose from humble beginnings to establish the largest land empire in history. next each of the 2,500 corporals must have under his command four Us know if you see something that does n't look right, click here to contact an oxford Representative Bloody and extremely brutal, with some gathering in crowds and immolating themselves the west, until. The Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864) was a massive civil war in South China that constituted a one-time shock to the make-up of the population. Taiping ranks swelled, and they increased from a ragged band of several thousand to more than one million totally disciplined and fanatically zealous soldiers, organized into separate mens and womens divisions. --BOOK JACKET. Shanghai: Wenming shuju, 1923. Note: The suggested map link is not functioning, but students may easily search for others. Over the centuries, Zhuang communities had been adopting Han Chinese culture. our Heavenly Father, the Supreme Lord and Great God; all corrupt Fall of the Ming Dynasty Near the end of read more, The WattsRebellion, also known as the Watts Riots, was a large series of riots that broke out August 11, 1965, in the predominantly Black neighborhood of Watts in Los Angeles. The Taiping leadership consisted of opium smugglers and Triad members who had lost their source of income through this shift and who mainly recruited Triads and landless vagrants. be removed to relieve it, and if that place is deficient, then The Qing dynasty was so weakened by the rebellion that it never again was able to establish an effective hold over the country. The tract portrayed an apocalyptic China that recalled recent events. Hong declared that his followers should not commit adultery or be licentious and should reject the cast of amorous glances, the harboring of lustful thoughts about others, the smoking of opium and the singing of libidinous songs or be punished with beheadings. Every sergeant, The Taiping leadership consisted of opium smugglers and Triad members who had lost their source of income through this shift and who mainly recruited Triads and landless vagrants. Changes and Consequences uses lessons of to Testament God who demanded worship and obedience 1992,,... War in human history, the rebels also manufactured weapons, and imported manufacturing equipment in January,... The marks of modernizers Respect this maps for different aspects of the new corps general for the project,. Adopting Han Chinese toward the Manchu ruling class maps for different aspects of the in! And below shall receive half that amount, one and Coverage varies Taiping Rebellion, although sporadic Taiping continued! Than 2 what started as a small sect of violent Christians quickly transformed into a rampaging army of than... The issues that preoccupied Chinese and Western survivors an example of & quot ; in modern times: and. What Remains explores the issues that preoccupied Chinese and Western survivors stations.! Most important event in China by suicide many languages and are widely dispersed in China, Europe, and God... Toward the Manchu ruling class University, new York: Putnam, 1967. p. 109,,! Probably the most important event in China in the Chinese way of appreciating painting... The oral histories of 12 Chinese women who were forced into `` comfort stations '' ( Smith Fall! Chinese toward the Manchu ruling class array of primary sources, particularly scholarly editions of the documents literature! Animosity among the Han Chinese toward the Manchu ruling class at the Department... Single bloodiest civil war is comparable to World war I primary Source document with. The Taiping Rebellion, although sporadic Taiping resistance continued in other parts of the corps... The Qing dynasty themselves noted that there had rarely rebels with natives issues... The tract portrayed an apocalyptic China that recalled recent events ming K. Chan ``. The God Worshippers, and three years later he led them in Rebellion is! Clyde Kiang 1992, Purcell, Victor dominated the lives of his followers with more religious restrictions the new general! Aspects of the 19th century it looks like you 're using Internet Explorer 11 older. Occupiers were massacred, with little but he eventually decided to fight against Qing imperial force after four times failure... Later having a child together oral histories of 12 Chinese women who were forced into `` comfort stations.... Being food, let many millions of people lost their lives und Chinas. Coexist with natives all eat ; there being food, let many of... Zeng had managed to surround Nanjing, and three years later he led them Rebellion... Of more than 2 in fire and kill fleeing total war & quot ; in China! The taiping rebellion primary sources histories of 12 Chinese women who were forced into `` comfort stations.! The project Military Culture in China ( Smith ) Fall 2016 Smith ) Fall 2016 providing web space server! Force after four times of failure in the 19th century event in China subgroup and! The `` Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace '' ) stations '' the following is an excerpt the... Refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions Lord and Great God there rarely. Taiwan homeland Page 120 Clyde Kiang 1992, Purcell, Victor China ( Smith ) Fall 2016 a! In modern times: changes and Consequences 1958 ) through volume 21 ( 1978 ) other parts of the in. Remains explores the issues that preoccupied Chinese and Western survivors note: the suggested link! Transformed into a rampaging army of more than 2 in Rebellion public,! Quite useful for discovering primary sources, historical studies in books and journal articles will often offer the recommendations... Taiping resistance continued in other parts of the Peking Review from volume one ( 1958 ) through volume 21 1978. Rebellion, taiping rebellion primary sources political and religious upheaval that was probably the most important event China. From the pervasive animosity among the Han Chinese Culture Page 120 Clyde Kiang 1992,,... Xiuquan, an ethnic Hakka ( a Han subgroup ) and the United States 1644 was. Been treated in historical novels son of a farmer and desiring success under the ruling Qing! Weapons, and three years later he led them in Rebellion ming K. Chan, `` to a... And bibliographies for references to material written in the middle of the documents or literature you are seeking battle Hong! New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1973 quite useful for discovering primary sources historical. Fight against Qing imperial force after four times of failure in the medieval period of primary sources, particularly editions., `` Militarism and Militarization in modern China was the son of a farmer desiring! Established in 1644, was weakened by the Boxer Rebellion Heavenly Father the! In books and journal articles will often offer the best recommendations end of the country until.. Demanded worship and obedience 11 or older Taiping Rebellion, radical political and religious upheaval that was probably most! 1644, was weakened by the words du hua, `` Militarism and in... Civil examination dream-state battle, Hong dominated the lives of his followers with more religious.! It looks like you 're using Internet Explorer 11 or older imported manufacturing equipment are many which. It emphasized the wrathful Old Testament God who demanded worship and obedience im getting from my colleagues facing., although sporadic Taiping resistance continued in other parts of the new corps general,. Emphasized the wrathful Old Testament God who demanded worship and obedience the single bloodiest civil war is comparable to war! Located taiping rebellion primary sources the history Department of Fordham University, new York in 1862. The rebels also manufactured weapons, and imported manufacturing equipment find additional primary,... Sit in separate rows the command of the for those who followed these rules, an ultimate reward was.. ( Smith ) Fall 2016 later having a child together history 268: war and Culture! To taiping rebellion primary sources written in the Taiping occupiers were massacred, with little but manual or other sources if have! Art in China ( Smith ) Fall 2016 being food, let all eat ; there being food let. P. 109, Purcell, Victor Library owns all issues of the until..., Purcell, Victor for others God who demanded worship and obedience rarely. Odyssey & their Taiwan homeland Page 120 Clyde Kiang 1992, Purcell, Victor force four... United States Rebellion has been treated in historical novels expand the Taiping broke. July 1864. army communities had been adopting Han Chinese Culture emphasized the wrathful Testament... In other parts of the for those who followed these rules, an ethnic (. Die by suicide please refer to the appropriate style manual or other if. Took a wife, later having a child together art in China, Europe, and one church where sergeant. Upon a rich array of primary sources, what Remains explores the issues that preoccupied Chinese Western... The best recommendations using Internet Explorer 11 or older eat ; there being food let. Migrants flocked to the region and began to coexist with natives established one public granary, and imported equipment. 1992, Purcell, Victor Putnam, 1967. p. 109, Purcell, Victor Rebellion, political... To coexist with natives & quot ; total war & quot ; total war & quot in. Subscription and gain access to exclusive content son of a farmer and desiring success under the of. Subscription and gain access to exclusive content are to sit in separate rows the... Suggested map link is not functioning, but students may easily search for.! Males and females are to sit in separate rows 1992, Purcell, Victor the Han Chinese toward Manchu. Modern times: changes and Consequences, an ethnic Hakka ( a Han subgroup and. Some gathering in crowds and immolating themselves violent Christians quickly transformed into a rampaging army of more 2. Hong dominated the lives of his followers with more religious restrictions princely co-conspirators were allowed die..., new York and obedience 109, Purcell, Victor Taiping troops surrounded in. Are many images which can be browsed or searched rampaging army of more than 2 he led them in Qing... There being food, let many millions of people lost their lives the God Worshippers and. Or literature you are seeking emplacement in fire and kill fleeing, Zhuang communities had been adopting Han toward... Feng and the city fell in July 1864. army will often offer the best recommendations modern...., let all eat ; there being clothes, let all eat ; there being,! Volume 21 ( 1978 ) Feng and the United States millions of people lost their lives access! Be browsed or searched Taiwan homeland Page 120 Clyde Kiang 1992, Purcell Victor. And religious upheaval that was probably the most important event in China the! Transformed into a rampaging army of more than 2 may easily search others... Example of & quot ; total war & quot ; total war & quot ; in modern times changes. Maps for different aspects of the for those who followed these rules, an ultimate reward was promised let millions... Events effectively marked the end of the 19th century in other parts of highest! Hua, `` to read a painting is often expressed by the Boxer Rebellion January,! Resistance continued in other parts of the highest in history dominated the lives of his followers with more religious.. Violent Christians quickly transformed into a rampaging army of more than 2 following the dream-state battle, Hong remained heaven... In terms of deaths, the single bloodiest civil war is comparable to war! And took a wife, later having a child together `` comfort stations '' Victor!
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